Adaptive control of PDES

This paper presents several recently developed techniques for adaptive control of PDE systems. Three different design methods are employed— the Lyapunov design, the passivity-based design, and the swapping design. The basic ideas for each design are introduced through benchmark plants with constant unknown coefficients. It is then shown how to extend the designs to reaction–advection–diffusion PDEs in 2D. Finally, the PDEs with unknown spatially varying coefficients and with boundary sensing are considered, making the adaptive designs applicable to PDE systems with an infinite relative degree, infinitely many unknown parameters, and open loop unstable. # 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.